Cerca de tres siglos antes de Cristo, los filósofos estoicos comenzaron a escribir los fundamentos de la psicología moderna. En concreto, enseñaban que no siempre podemos controlar lo que pasa a nuestro alrededor, en cambio, podemos controlar lo que pensamos sobre estos eventos: son nuestras interpretaciones las que nos afectan, no los acontecimientos. Es cómo vemos las cosas, no lo que nos sucede, lo que nos lleva a crear, entre otras cosas, emociones negativas.
A mediados del siglo XX, un psicólogo estadounidense llamado Albert Ellis hizo lo que suelen perpetrar algunos de sus compatriotas: coger una técnica/instrumento/enfoque ya trabajado hace milenios, ponerle su nombre y añadirle un copyright (como también hizo Jon Kabat-Zinn llamando Mindfulness© a la meditación). En el caso de Ellis, retoma la enseñanza de los estoicos y lo denomina modelo ABC, siendo este modelo la piedra fundacional de la psicología cognitiva.
(Fuente: https://www.pexels.com/es-es/foto/abc-captcha-1337372/)
El modelo ABC no es ni más ni menos que definir una secuencia de acontecimientos (A) que, una vez interpretados (B) generan una respuesta (C), y atribuir a la B, es decir, a la interpretación, la carga de responsabilidad sobre la respuesta y sus consecuencias. La B depende del sistema de creencias, la experiencia, la educación, los eventos presentes en el momento, las emociones de la persona que interpreta, etc.
En la clínica se utiliza mucho la explicación de este modelo, tanto en las sesiones de psicoeducación como en la valoración del trabajo conductual diario (anotaciones, autorregistros, …). Es muy revelador para la persona el conocer de qué manera el mundo puede cambiar según el enfoque que tengamos en cada momento y, muy probablemente, se verá beneficiada por la contención de respuesta emocional. Una vez más, el trabajo diario hará que esta evaluación continua se convierta en un hábito y haga la gestión emocional más asequible.
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